…cholesterol deposition. Untreated or inadequately treated patients may develop premature CAD. Symptoms therefore depend on the vascular territory involved and may include manifestations of coronary…

…disease (ASCVD). Atherosclerosis develops through the progressive deposition and retention of LDL C and other apoB containing lipoproteins within the arterial wall. This initiates inflammatory…

…of transthyretin, a protein produced primarily in the liver [10]. ATTR is subclassified based on the TTR gene sequence on chromosome 18 [19]: Variant or…

…aggregation (via Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa cross linking). Concurrent activation of the coagulation cascade leads to thrombin generation and fibrin deposition, culminating in a partially or…

…the presence of multilevel disease and collateral circulation. Flow limitation may be clinically silent, manifest as exertional symptoms, or progress to chronic limb threatening ischaemia…

…allows for rapid visualization of flows, velocitites and volumes. This is useful for detecting valvular regurgitation and defects in the atria or ventricles (Figure 2…

…Continuous wave doppler along the left ventricle, the opening of the mitral valve and the left atrium. Recall that velocities (flows) directed away from the…

…The New England Journal of Medicine, 1812. Remarks on Angina Pectoris by John Warren The remarkable facts, that the paroxysm, or indeed the disease itself…

…Visualizing distant structures result in lower pulse repetition frequency and consequently lower resolution. Visualizing proximally located structures enables the use of greater pulse repetition frequency…