…Clinical Context Cardiac amyloidosis should be suspected in patients older than 65 years presenting with heart failure and increased left ventricular (LV) wall thickness [3…

…Doppler), which is explained by the fact that the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) is reduced when obtaining both a 2D image and Doppler signals simultaneously…

…the former. This allows much higher velocitites to be measured. Continuous wave Doppler is therefore not limited by pulse repetition frequency (PRF). Figure 1. The…

…disease (ASCVD). Atherosclerosis develops through the progressive deposition and retention of LDL C and other apoB containing lipoproteins within the arterial wall. This initiates inflammatory…

…macrophage infiltration, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and extracellular matrix deposition, ultimately leading to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques [1] . While stable plaques are characterized by…

…sized arteries. Pathological features include plaque formation with calcium deposition, medial thinning, destruction of muscular and elastic tissue, fragmentation of the internal elastic lamina, and…

…has become increasingly clear in the past few decades that atherosclerosis is not caused by the passive deposition of lipids into the coronary artery walls…

…premature myocardial infarction, vascular disease or marked hypercholesterolaemia. Physical findings related to cholesterol deposition. Untreated or inadequately treated patients may develop premature CAD. Symptoms therefore…

…no rotation. This example illustrates the significance of high pulse repetition frequency in order to obtain accurate assessments of blood flow and myocardial movement. Figur…