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Cardiac amyloidosis

…heart failure and increased left ventricular (LV) wall thickness [3, 5]. Unexplained LV hypertrophy (LVH) or heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) at hospitalization…

Non-ST Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) and Unstable Angina

…linking). Concurrent activation of the coagulation cascade leads to thrombin generation and fibrin deposition, culminating in a partially or fully occlusive intraluminal thrombus [5] . ACS…

Pulsed Wave Doppler

…the more time required for sound waves to travel back and forth, which results in lower pulse repetition frequency (fewer ultrasound pulses can be sent…

ApoB and Non-HDL Cholesterol in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment

…C or non HDL C, cardiovascular risk may be misestimated if cholesterol measures alone are used. Risk in these circumstances appears to track more closely…

Peripheral Artery Disease: Diagnosis, Ankle–Brachial Index and Risk Management

…obstruction: Buttock, hip or thigh symptoms suggest aortoiliac disease. Calf symptoms are typical of femoropopliteal disease. More distal disease may cause foot symptoms, although lower…

Color Doppler

…is limited more by the Nyquist limit (as compared with standard pulsed wave Doppler), which is explained by the fact that the pulse repetition frequency…

Continuous Wave Doppler (CW Doppler)

…the former. This allows much higher velocitites to be measured. Continuous wave Doppler is therefore not limited by pulse repetition frequency (PRF). Figure 1. The…

Introduction to Coronary Artery Disease (Ischemic Heart Disease)

…The remarkable facts, that the paroxysm, or indeed the disease itself, is excited more especially upon walking up hill, and after a meal; that thus…

Familial Hypercholesterolaemia: Diagnosis, Cascade Screening and Treatment

…disease or peripheral vascular disease. A family history of premature myocardial infarction, vascular disease or marked hypercholesterolaemia. Physical findings related to cholesterol deposition. Untreated or…

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