…smooth muscle cell proliferation, and extracellular matrix deposition, ultimately leading to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques [1] . While stable plaques are characterized by a thick…

…valvular regurgitation and defects in the atria or ventricles (Figure 2). In addition, color Doppler can be used to align the continuous Doppler. Figure 2…

…the former. This allows much higher velocitites to be measured. Continuous wave Doppler is therefore not limited by pulse repetition frequency (PRF). Figure 1. The…

…With 2 observations per cycle, it appears that there is no rotation. This example illustrates the significance of high pulse repetition frequency in order to…

…CA) is a protein misfolding disorder characterized by the extracellular deposition of misfolded fibrillar proteins in the myocardium, leading to a diffuse infiltrative cardiomyopathy [8…

…premature myocardial infarction, vascular disease or marked hypercholesterolaemia. Physical findings related to cholesterol deposition. Untreated or inadequately treated patients may develop premature CAD. Symptoms therefore…

…disease (ASCVD). Atherosclerosis develops through the progressive deposition and retention of LDL C and other apoB containing lipoproteins within the arterial wall. This initiates inflammatory…

…as limb complications. Atherosclerotic lesions generally affect large and medium sized arteries. Pathological features include plaque formation with calcium deposition, medial thinning, destruction of muscular…

…has become increasingly clear in the past few decades that atherosclerosis is not caused by the passive deposition of lipids into the coronary artery walls…