…Presentation and Symptoms The clinical spectrum of ISR is broad: Many patients remain asymptomatic. The most common symptomatic presentation is CCS, usually with recurrent angina…

…for routine use. No reflow may also occur in association with other procedural complications, including distal embolization, coronary dissection, perforation, and abrupt closure. The clinical…

…Recurrent dynamic ECG changes suggestive of ischaemia, especially intermittent ST segment elevation Patients may initially stabilize and subsequently develop recurrent angina, recurrent ischaemic ECG changes…

…Increase diuretic dose and/or combine diuretic classes Diuretic resistance or end stage renal failure Consider renal replacement therapy Hypoperfusion with persistent organ injury Consider…

…these events. Clinical presentation and symptoms Most patients with stent thrombosis present with ACS. Clinical manifestations therefore commonly include recurrent myocardial ischaemia, recurrent infarction, or…

…Persistent bradycardia (< 40 beats/min) Undiagnosed systolic murmur Carotid sinus massage should be considered in patients with symptoms suggestive of carotid sinus syncope and…

… and recurrent symptoms causing impaired quality of life. Women with suspected angina are more likely than men to have non anginal symptoms such as dyspnoea…

…the sensitization of sensory nerve endings due to the accumulation of bradykinin. ACE is responsible for metabolizing bradykinin and other tachykinins, such as substance P…

…coronary microvascular disease and vasospasm may coexist with atherosclerosis or may be the dominant cause of ischaemia. Other mechanisms capable of obstructing coronary arteries include…

…of lipid lowering treatment for patients with chronic coronary syndrome, acute coronary syndrome (ACS), atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease, and other very high risk settings described…