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In-Stent Restenosis: Mechanisms and Treatment

…Presentation and Symptoms The clinical spectrum of ISR is broad: Many patients remain asymptomatic. The most common symptomatic presentation is CCS, usually with recurrent angina…

No-Reflow Phenomenon During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Prevention and Treatment

…on the extent of microvascular obstruction and the territory supplied by the treated vessel. Possible manifestations include: Persistent or recurrent myocardial ischemia Deterioration in ventricular…

NSTEMI: Risk Stratification and Timing of the Invasive Strategy

…identify several clinical manifestations that indicate particularly high risk and should influence the urgency of management: Recurrent or ongoing chest pain despite medical treatment Acute…

Diuretic Strategy and Decongestion in Heart Failure

…Increase diuretic dose and/or combine diuretic classes Diuretic resistance or end stage renal failure Consider renal replacement therapy Hypoperfusion with persistent organ injury Consider…

Stent Thrombosis: Timing, Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

…and fibrin formation. Within a stented segment, thrombus may also develop because of disturbed flow, residual dissection, inadequate stent expansion, incomplete apposition, or persistent disease…

Vasovagal Syncope: Diagnosis, Tilt Testing and Treatment

…Persistent bradycardia (< 40 beats/min) Undiagnosed systolic murmur Carotid sinus massage should be considered in patients with symptoms suggestive of carotid sinus syncope and…

Microvascular Angina and INOCA: Diagnosis with CFR and IMR

… fatigue; and recurrent symptoms causing impaired quality of life. Women with suspected angina are more likely than men to have non anginal symptoms such as…

ACE Inhibitor Cough and Angioedema: Practical Management

…patients taking these agents. The cough is characteristically nonproductive and dry. Patients may describe a persistent tickle or sensitivity in the throat. In recent years…

Unstable Angina: Definition and Contemporary Management

…has declined. Clinical Presentation and Symptoms The clinical spectrum of ACS is broad. Patients may be asymptomatic at presentation, have persistent chest discomfort, or present…

Ezetimibe: Place in Therapy and Expected LDL-C Reduction

…dL), and at least a 50% reduction from baseline. For a patient who experiences a recurrent atherothrombotic event while receiving maximally tolerated statin therapy, an…

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