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What is the difference between cardioversion and defibrillation for arrhythmias?

…where urgent reversion to sinus rhythm is required. The rationale for electrical therapy over drugs is that, under monitored conditions, a controlled "dose" of electricity…

Lipid-Lowering Therapy: Statins as First-Line Treatment

…cardiovascular events are substantially greater than the usually modest anatomical regression of coronary atherosclerosis. The magnitude of LDL C reduction varies according to the statin…

Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM): Definition, Types, Diagnostics & Treatment

…of known mutations defines the condition as idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy . Echocardiography in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) In dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), both ventricles are dilated and left…

Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)

…specifically classified by the 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA and 2021/2023 ESC guidelines as HF with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of ≤40% [14…

Familial and Genetic Screening in Premature Cardiovascular Disease

…recessive inheritance. X linked or other non autosomal dominant mechanisms. Complex or multifactorial genetic architecture. The inheritance pattern affects the appropriate scope and duration of…

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy / Dysplasia (ARVC, ARVD)

…Recessive forms exist, although they are rare (Naxos disease, Carvajal syndrome). The prevalence of ARVC is between 0.02 and 0.05% in Europe (Corrado…

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