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Chest Pain in the Emergency Department: Diagnostic Pathways

…Atherosclerotic and thromboembolic risk factors. Relevant predispositions, such as connective tissue disease. No single pain descriptor is diagnostic. The severity of pain also has limited…

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening and Surveillance

…avoids ionizing radiation and contrast agents, and accurately identifies abdominal aortic enlargement. Screening reduces aneurysm related mortality in populations with a high prevalence of AAA…

Stress Echocardiography: Protocols and Interpretation

…stress Local expertise and adequate echocardiographic facilities are available Risk stratification is required in established or suspected CAD The extent or location of ischaemia needs…

Unstable Angina: Definition and Contemporary Management

…capable of obstructing coronary arteries include embolism, dissection, coronary arteritis associated with systemic vasculitis, extrinsic compression, myocardial bridging and radiation induced coronary disease. The distinction…

Physics of myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT, PET): Radiotracers, perfusion, blood flow and viability

…it suitable for assessing viability and hibernating myocardium, at the expense of higher radiation exposure and blurrier images. The absence of thallium uptake indicates non…

Immediate Management of Type A and Type B Aortic Dissection

…stabbing. Its location and radiation may reflect the segment of aorta involved, although the source material does not provide a detailed symptom to anatomy correlation…

ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and ECG Criteria

…oedema and tissue inflammation produce extravascular compression. In the most severe form, termed no reflow, structural and functional microvascular impairment persists despite restoration of epicardial…

Acute Coronary Syndrome: Definitions and Initial Triage

…in the clinical setting of acute myocardial ischaemia and is diagnosed according to the fourth universal definition of MI. Type 1 MI is generally related…

Constrictive pericarditis: definition, causes, diagnosis & echocardiography

…all causes of pericarditis can result in constrictive pericarditis. In high income countries, idiopathic pericarditis, radiation to the pericardium and surgical interventions are the most…

Coronary CT Angiography and CAD-RADS Reporting

…tomographic angiography (CCTA) is a non invasive anatomical examination that depicts the coronary arterial lumen, atherosclerotic plaque, and the severity and distribution of coronary stenosis…

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