…sign of brain death. However, the absence of pupillary light reflex immediately post cardiac arrest is more equivocal. Various pharmaceutical agents, including epinephrine—administered to…

…ECG monitoring D Disability AVPU: Alert Voice responsive Pain responsive Unresponsive Limb movements Pupillary light reflexes Blood glucose E Exposure Identify signs of heart failure…

…rupture (VSR), producing an acute left to right shunt. Ventricular free wall rupture, producing haemopericardium and cardiac tamponade. Papillary muscle rupture, producing acute severe mitral…

…leaflet). The leaflets are attached to the subvalvular apparatus, consisting of the chordae tendineae and the papillary muscles . As compared to the mitral valve, the…

…severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, accounting for approximately 80% of cases. Other causes include acute mechanical complications—particularly ventricular septal defect (VSD) and papillary muscle…

…the posteromedial papillary muscle, which only receives blood supply from one coronary artery (Coronary arteries). Chronic myocardial ischemia may also lead to left ventricular dilation…

…the papillary muscles via chordae tendineae (Figure 1). The anterolateral papillary muscle receives blood supply from the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and the left…

…Thus, with regards to measuring ventricular dimensions, trabeculae and papillary muscles are considered part of the left ventricular cavity. Other dimensions– including atrial dimensions, mitral…

…septum. It starts to branch off at the anterior papillary muscle's origin. The interventricular septum obtains Purkinje fibers from the left bundle branch. Coronary…

…vascular consequences Common structural consequences include left ventricular hypertrophy, left atrial enlargement, and abnormalities of diastolic filling. Mitral regurgitation may develop through papillary muscle displacement…

…primary cardiac tumors are benign. Among adults, most of them are myxomas and next papillary fibroelastoma is most common. Among children, rhabdomyoma is most common…

…the septum. Purkinje fibers are branched off from the right bundle branch at the level of the origin of the anterior papillary muscle. A network…