…fraction (LVEF) ≥50%. Objective evidence of structural or functional cardiac abnormality consistent with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction or increased filling pressures, including raised natriuretic peptides…

…sign of brain death. However, the absence of pupillary light reflex immediately post cardiac arrest is more equivocal. Various pharmaceutical agents, including epinephrine—administered to…

…ECG monitoring D Disability AVPU: Alert Voice responsive Pain responsive Unresponsive Limb movements Pupillary light reflexes Blood glucose E Exposure Identify signs of heart failure…

…rupture (VSR), producing an acute left to right shunt. Ventricular free wall rupture, producing haemopericardium and cardiac tamponade. Papillary muscle rupture, producing acute severe mitral…

…leaflet). The leaflets are attached to the subvalvular apparatus, consisting of the chordae tendineae and the papillary muscles . As compared to the mitral valve, the…

…Other causes include acute mechanical complications—particularly ventricular septal defect (VSD) and papillary muscle rupture with acute severe mitral regurgitation—predominant right ventricular (RV) infarction…

…heart disease) Rheumatic valve disease Endocarditis Congenital mitral regurgitation Amyloidosis SLE Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) Rupture of papillary muscle Rupture of chordae tendineae Figure 1…

…and the left circumflex artery (LCX), whereas the posteromedial papillary muscle receives blood supply from either LCX or the right coronary artery (RCA). For details…

…Thus, with regards to measuring ventricular dimensions, trabeculae and papillary muscles are considered part of the left ventricular cavity. Other dimensions– including atrial dimensions, mitral…

…1. The component of the cardiac conduction system and the vascular supply. RCA = right coronary artery. LAD = Left anterior descending coronary artery. LCX…