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🟠 Nitroglycerin

Nitroglycerin Patients using nitroglycerin regularly may have developed tolerance and require higher doses, alternatively nitroprusside to achieve desirable blood pressure lowring effect. Drug Nitroglycerin Brand…

Aortic regurgitation

…and producing larger stroke volumes. Failure to increase cardiac output sufficiently will result in the following compilations: Pulmonary edema develops due to rising LAP and…

ECG manifestations of left main coronary artery (LMCA) occlusion and critical stenosis

…hypotension, pulmonary edema, malignant arrhythmias, and rapid progression to cardiogenic shock. Ventricular fibrillation or asystole may occur early due to the massive ischemia. Complete LMCA…

Eletrical alternans: the ECG in pericardial effusion & cardiac tamponade

…This is due to the swinging back and forth of the heart in the pericardial space. Note that tachycardia, pulmonary embolism and ischemia may also…

🟠 Nitroprusside

…and preload. Effective in pulmonary edema. Can produce severe hypotension. Time to onset of action 30 seconds to 1 minute Duration of action 1 to…

Diuretic Strategy and Decongestion in Heart Failure

…venous pressure, pulmonary congestion, peripheral edema and body weight, often within days. However, diuretic treatment has not been shown formally to reduce heart failure mortality;…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and Electrocardiographic Criteria

…swelling, interstitial edema, and tissue inflammation promote extravascular compression, exacerbating myocardial injury. Clinical Presentation and Symptoms In up to one half of STEMI cases, a…

Mitral regurgitation

…will rapidly propagate to the pulmonary circulation and cause pulmonary edema. Also, left ventricular exhaustion results in diminished cardiac output, potential hypotension and cardiogenic shock…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

…swelling, interstitial edema, and inflammatory extravascular compression. This impaired tissue perfusion can extend injury beyond the initial ischemic zone and contributes to ventricular failure. Mechanisms…

Pulmonary embolism: quick reference for risk stratification and treatment

…unless there is an absolute contraindication. The agent and dose are according to the local protocol. Alternatives when there is a contraindication: catheter directed treatment…

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