…most common agent. These streptococci most often originate from the oral cavity and affect heart valves that have some kind of damage, change or degeneration…

…The presence of ecotdense masses on valves should lead to suspicion of endocarditis (the masses are vegetations). The risk of endocarditis is especially high for…

…Stress increases myocardial oxygen requirements, principally through increased heart rate and contractility. In the presence of a flow limiting coronary stenosis, supply cannot increase adequately…

…of vascular autoregulation during a rapid or severe rise in BP. This may produce acute injury in the brain, retina, heart, aorta, kidneys, or other…

…the anticoagulation indication. Previous stroke or TIA. The presence of mitral stenosis, a mechanical heart valve or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Heart failure, hypertension, diabetes and vascular…

…the diagnosis of heart failure is clinically secure and the LVEF measurement is reliable. Nevertheless, these findings increase diagnostic confidence. The presence of symptoms alone…

…vast majority of cases, the re entry circuit in atrial flutter is located in the right atrium and it typically loops around the tricuspid valve…

…observational databases report approximately 5–10%. Only about 10% of patients who develop shock present with it at hospital admission; approximately 90% deteriorate during hospitalization…

…with symptoms having all of the traditional aggravating and relieving characteristics of angina; many patients report less characteristic symptoms, while others present primarily with exertional…

…except in a mechanical valve prosthesis and in moderate to severe mitral stenosis, where warfarin applies. Apixaban is often preferred, among other reasons because it…