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Perioperative Management of Patients with Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices

…other electronic equipment may also interfere with device function. The clinical consequences depend on the device, the patient's dependence on pacing, the presence of…

Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation: Choosing Anticoagulation

…during management of another condition, or identified only by implanted or wearable devices as subclinical AF. Some patients have frequent symptomatic episodes, whereas others have…

Stress Echocardiography: Protocols and Interpretation

…or other evidence of ongoing ischaemia Symptoms suggesting haemodynamic compromise, such as near syncope or poor perfusion Known arrhythmia or electrical instability The presence of…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and Electrocardiographic Criteria

…proportion of painless or silent STEMIs is greater in patients with diabetes mellitus and increases with age. STEMI may present as sudden onset breathlessness. Other…

Peripheral Artery Disease: Diagnosis, Ankle–Brachial Index and Risk Management

…Identification of PAD also provides an opportunity to recognise atherosclerosis in other arterial territories and to initiate secondary prevention. Clinical assessment should include functional status…

Vasospastic (Prinzmetal) Angina: Provocation Testing and Treatment

…this combination is associated with a worse prognosis. VA may occur in the presence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), in non obstructive coronary arteries…

Left Main Coronary Artery Disease: Revascularisation Strategy

…Coexisting multivessel disease The extent of jeopardized myocardium Left ventricular systolic function Diabetes and other comorbidities Anatomical complexity and completeness of possible revascularization A proximal…

Complete Versus Culprit-Only Revascularization in Acute Coronary Syndrome

…presence or absence of haemodynamic instability or cardiogenic shock. The likelihood of an identifiable IRA. The extent and complexity of coexisting coronary disease. Renal function…

Myocardial Perfusion Imaging With SPECT and PET

…metabolic imaging. Contribute to assessment of cardiac inflammation, infective endocarditis, and cardiac amyloidosis using appropriate radiopharmaceuticals. Functional perfusion imaging primarily identifies haemodynamically important disease. Non…

Acute Limb Ischaemia: Recognition and Urgent Management

…and venous filling may be reduced. Other possible findings include muscle stiffening and loss of deep tendon reflexes. Pulses are absent distal to the obstruction…

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