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Causes of sudden cardiac arrest

…the result of a perfect storm scenario , where ischemia, hemodynamics, the autonomous nervous system, electrolyte concentrations, and other factors (potentially also genetic predisposition) interact to…

Assessment of the pupillary reflex in cardiac arrest

…30–120 seconds of cardiac arrest and light reactivity is lost when cerebral blood flow ceases. In other words, during prolonged cardiac arrest without effective…

Perioperative Management of Patients with Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices

…leads. Electrocautery is the most frequent source of EMI, although radiofrequency procedures, nerve stimulators, and other electronic equipment may also interfere with device function. The…

Eletrical alternans: the ECG in pericardial effusion & cardiac tamponade

…and the condition is classified as cardiac tamponade. The classical signs of cardiac tamponade are hypotension, muffled heart sounds and jugular venous distention. Other frequent…

Cardiac tumors

…of them are myxomas and next papillary fibroelastoma is most common. Among children, rhabdomyoma is most common. Myxoma Myxoma is the most common primary cardiac…

Diagnostic Criteria for Acute Myocardial Infarction: Cardiac troponins, ECG & Symptoms

…These assays, referred to as high sensitive cardiac troponin, may actually detect the presence of troponins in most normal persons. In 2017 it was possible…

Classification of Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) & Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)

…partial occlusion of the artery (i.e. coronary blood flow is not completely obstructed). NSTE ACS typically presents with ST segment depressions and/or T…

NSTEMI: Risk Stratification and Timing of the Invasive Strategy

…from out of hospital cardiac arrest should not routinely undergo immediate angiography. A selective or delayed approach is recommended in this setting unless other findings…

Vulnerable Plaque and Mechanisms of Acute Coronary Occlusion

…dissection. Coronary embolism of cardiac or non cardiac origin. Oxygen supply–demand mismatch, including demand related events in the presence of fixed coronary disease. More…

Carotid Artery Disease: Screening, Medical Therapy and Revascularisation

…peripheral artery disease (PAD), and other manifestations of systemic atherosclerosis. The principal clinical concern is cerebral embolism or haemodynamic compromise leading to transient ischaemic attack…

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