…without acute elevations in cardiac troponin concentrations. Based on the presenting electrocardiogram (ECG) and the presence of troponin elevation, ACS are classified into unstable angina…

…blood flow is maintained (for example, high quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation or partial ROSC), the midbrain may receive enough oxygen to preserve some pupillary reflex. Importantly…

…of an epicardial coronary artery (i.e. STEMI), pathological Q waves can develop already within 2 hours after the onset of infarction. The presence of…

…The absence of symptoms indicates that the bradycardia is compensated by an increase in stroke volume. Symptomatic bradycardia may present with chronic or acute symptoms…

…I C If time from symptom onset is 12 h, a primary PCI strategy is indicated in the presence of ongoing ischemic symptoms, haemodynamic instability…

…with device function. The clinical consequences depend on the device, the patient's dependence on pacing, the presence of CRT, the type and location of…

…heart failure or after myocardial infarction). Ventricular arrhythmias are easier to induce in the presence of arrhythmogenic substrates. A substrate is defined as a physiological…

…ACS is caused by partial occlusion of the artery (i.e. coronary blood flow is not completely obstructed). NSTE ACS typically presents with ST segment…

…without the presence of acute atherothrombosis. Type 3 MI: Describes cardiac death in patients with symptoms suggestive of myocardial ischaemia and presumed new ischaemic ECG…

… Is the clinical likelihood of true NSTE ACS low enough that non invasive evaluation is more appropriate? The presence of extensive comorbidity may alter the…