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Management and treatment of AV block (atrioventricular blocks)

…hemodynamic instability is a potentially life threatening condition and should be managed urgently. The risk of cardiogenic shock is high and pharmacological interventions are often…

Assessment of the pupillary reflex in cardiac arrest

…dilated, light unresponsive pupils are indicative of cerebral anoxia or brain death and constitute an adverse prognostic sign. Notably, the presence of dilated, nonreactive pupils…

Interpretation of ECG after ROSC (Return of Spontaneous Circulation)

…already within 2 hours after the onset of infarction. The presence of such Q waves should raise suspicion of ischemia/infarction as the underlying cause…

Management of bradycardia (bradyarrhythmia)

…hemodynamic effects is a potentially life threatening condition and should be managed urgently. The risk of cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest is high and pharmacological…

🟠 Management of STEMI (ST-Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction)

…indicated in the presence of ongoing ischemic symptoms, haemodynamic instability, or life threatening arrhythmias. I C A routine primary PCI strategy should be considered in…

Perioperative Management of Patients with Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices

…and anticipated electrical environment. Preoperative evaluation Establish the nature and function of the device The following should be determined before surgery: Device type: pacemaker, ICD…

Causes of sudden cardiac arrest

…heart failure or after myocardial infarction). Ventricular arrhythmias are easier to induce in the presence of arrhythmogenic substrates. A substrate is defined as a physiological…

Classification of Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) & Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)

…presents a classification of acute coronary syndromes and myocardial infarctions. The reader should study this chart carefully. Figure 1. Flowchart showing the natural course of…

Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…without the presence of acute atherothrombosis. Type 3 MI: Describes cardiac death in patients with symptoms suggestive of myocardial ischaemia and presumed new ischaemic ECG…

NSTEMI: Risk Stratification and Timing of the Invasive Strategy

…In contrast, haemodynamically stable patients without ST segment elevation after successful resuscitation from out of hospital cardiac arrest should not routinely undergo immediate angiography. A…

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