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Anaphylaxis: quick reference for emergency management

…allergen 2. Acute airway, respiratory or circulatory compromise after exposure to a known or probable allergen , even if skin symptoms are absent [1,4]. Typical…

Principles and Preparations for Echocardiographic Examinations

…our understanding of the pathophysiology of cardiac disease. Ultrasound systems have become cheaper, more portable, more powerful, equipped with an increasing number of methods to…

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding: quick reference

… 2. Is there cirrhosis, or another strong suspicion of portal hypertension? Variceal and ulcer bleeding are managed differently from the first minute. Peptic ulcer remains…

Cardiovascular Risk Assessment with SCORE2 and SCORE2-OP

…Moderate or severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) Hypertension mediated organ damage (HMOD) Probable or definite familial hypercholesterolaemia Other markedly abnormal single risk factors or genetic…

Stent Thrombosis: Timing, Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

…angiography or pathology. The Academic Research Consortium framework additionally distinguishes definite, probable, and possible stent thrombosis for clinical research and outcome assessment. Predisposing factors Domain…

ECG in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH): criteria and implications

…is point based, has been reported to have a sensitivity of 60%. 4 points make LVH probable. 5 points make LVH very likely. Romhilt Este…

Fascicular block (hemiblock): Left anterior & left posterior fascicular block

…to 90°. If the electrical axis is 30° to 45, probable LAFB may be diagnosed. QRS duration <0,12 seconds but slightly prolonged. aVL shows…

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