…a branch like morphology. As illustrated in Figure 2 all cardiac cells are connected, both electrically and mechanically, along their long axis. This cell architecture…

…caused by functional or anatomical defects in the components of the intraventricular conduction system. Because the conduction system is crucial for rapid and synchronized activation…

…electrically dissociated from each other. This condition is referred to as atrioventricular (AV) dissociation. Importantly, for the ventricles to have any electrical (and thus pumping…

…Myocardial motion and velocity can be measured with pulsed tissue Doppler (see Pulsed Wave Doppler). Tissue Doppler allows for sampling of specific regions or structures…

…Moderate work of breathing Accessory muscle use Cyanosis, exhaustion, hypotension or collapse The classification is based on a combination of clinical findings, oxygenation and objective…

…limit for ejection fraction is 55%. Reduced ejection fraction is defined as ejection fraction <55%. This implies that left ventricular pumping capacity is reduced and…

…progressive, and highly complex lipid driven inflammatory disease of the arterial intima that serves as the fundamental pathophysiological substrate for acute coronary syndromes (ACS), including…

…coupling Depolarization activates the myocardial cells and induces cellular processes that lead to cell contraction. The spread of an electrical impulse is therefore directly coupled…