…proportion of painless or silent STEMIs is greater in patients with diabetes mellitus and increases with age. STEMI may present as sudden onset breathlessness. Other…

…cause of ischaemia. Other mechanisms capable of obstructing coronary arteries include embolism, dissection, coronary arteritis associated with systemic vasculitis, extrinsic compression, myocardial bridging and radiation…

…plaque morphology and location, comorbidities, environmental factors and genetic background. Thrombotic susceptibility is likewise affected by inflammation and other systemic influences. The severity of myocardial…

…and radiation. Quality and intensity. Precipitating factors, including exertion, emotional stress, meals, or exposure to cold. Relieving factors, including rest or medication. Time of day…

…anatomical examination that depicts the coronary arterial lumen, atherosclerotic plaque, and the severity and distribution of coronary stenosis. Modern cardiac CT can acquire a three…

…single breath hold No intravenous line No premedication No special preparation Radiation exposure of approximately 1–1.5 mSv with contemporary techniques The total CAC…

…between myocardial oxygen supply and demand. In many cases, the initiating process is plaque disruption with thrombosis; other cases result from spasm, microvascular dysfunction, embolism…

…endothelial function and favour the accumulation of fat, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts and extracellular matrix beneath the endothelium. Plaques that are particularly prone to rupture…

…endothelial coverage. Complementary Characteristics IVUS and OCT are complementary rather than interchangeable. IVUS generally provides better visualization of overall vessel dimensions, plaque burden, large vess

…also reduce production of apoB 100 containing lipoproteins and exert effects beyond LDL C reduction, including modulation of inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial function, plaque stability…