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ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and Electrocardiographic Criteria

…usually involves the central portion of the chest or the epigastrium and occasionally radiates to the arms. Less common sites of radiation include the abdomen…

ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and ECG Criteria

…plaque morphology and location, comorbidities, environmental factors and genetic background. Thrombotic susceptibility is likewise affected by inflammation and other systemic influences. The severity of myocardial…

Coronary CT Angiography and CAD-RADS Reporting

…anatomical examination that depicts the coronary arterial lumen, atherosclerotic plaque, and the severity and distribution of coronary stenosis. Modern cardiac CT can acquire a three…

Chronic Coronary Syndrome: Diagnosis and Initial Evaluation

…and radiation. Quality and intensity. Precipitating factors, including exertion, emotional stress, meals, or exposure to cold. Relieving factors, including rest or medication. Time of day…

Unstable Angina: Definition and Contemporary Management

…myocardial bridging and radiation induced coronary disease. The distinction between UA and NSTEMI has become increasingly dependent on the use of highly sensitive cardiac troponin…

Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring: Prognostic Use in Practice

…contrast CT acquisition ECG gating A single breath hold No intravenous line No premedication No special preparation Radiation exposure of approximately 1–1.5 mSv…

Vulnerable Plaque and Mechanisms of Acute Coronary Occlusion

…potentially high risk plaques may exist throughout the coronary tree, while inflammation and thrombotic susceptibility are often systemic rather than confined to a single lesion…

Atherosclerosis: Pathogenesis from Fatty Streak to Plaque Rupture

…episodic plaque disruption followed by thrombosis. Atherosclerotic disease usually evolves over decades. Intimal thickening may be present during the second and third decades of life…

Intravascular Imaging: IVUS and OCT for PCI Optimisation

…endothelial coverage. Complementary Characteristics IVUS and OCT are complementary rather than interchangeable. IVUS generally provides better visualization of overall vessel dimensions, plaque burden, large vess

Statin Intolerance and Statin-Associated Muscle Symptoms

…contextual cues and attribution of pre existing symptoms to the medication. No single diagnostic test can distinguish a pharmacological SAMS effect from a nocebo response…

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