…their duration. Triggers for smoking and anticipated barriers to cessation. Exposure to second hand smoke. Use of cannabis, electronic cigarettes or other inhaled products. Readiness…

…pharmacotherapy, and, in high risk cases, device implantation. Beta blockers, particularly non selective agents like nadolol and propranolol, are the first line treatment for reducing…

…pharmacotherapy, and, in high risk cases, device implantation. Beta blockers, particularly non selective agents like nadolol and propranolol, are the first line treatment for reducing…

…adequate volume control. It is also utilized for ventricular rate control in atrial fibrillation, particularly when other therapeutic options cannot be pursued. Patients receiving digoxin…

…40% [14] . This distinction is paramount for practicing cardiologists: HFimpEF represents a state of myocardial remission rather than true recovery. Data from the TRED HF…