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Cardiovascular Risk Assessment with SCORE2 and SCORE2-OP

…be applied as the principal risk tool in people with: Documented atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) Diabetes mellitus in circumstances where diabetes specific risk assessment or…

Atrial fibrillation: ECG, classification, causes, risk factors & management

…Atrial fibrillation in other circumstances (particularly those listed above) is usually a progressive disease. Complications of atrial fibrillation and available treatments In multivariable models (i…

Atrial flutter: classification, causes, ECG criteria and management

…with a paper speed of 25 mm/s, which is standard in the US and many other countries, a 2:1 block will be difficult…

Chronotropic incompetence (inability to increase heart rate)

…less than 80% diagnoses chronotropic incompetence) Management of chronotropic incompetence Treatment of chronotropic incompetence and other bradyarrhythmias are discussed in the chapter Treatment of bradyarrhythmias.

Premature atrial contraction (premature atrial beat / complex): ECG and clinical implications

…the ventricles with blood (increased ventricular filling). Persons with premature beats might perceive this as palpitations, because of the stronger ventricular contractions caused by the…

Aberrant ventricular conduction (aberrancy, aberration)

…arrhythmia; it is a ventricular conduction disturbance . It is discussed in this chapter because the phenomenon is frequently observed during arrhythmias. As previously discussed, all…

Diagnostic Criteria for Acute Myocardial Infarction: Cardiac troponins, ECG & Symptoms

…troponins in most normal persons. In 2017 it was possible to detect myocardial infarctions 100 times smaller than what was possible to detect in year…

Fascicular block (hemiblock): Left anterior & left posterior fascicular block

…and aVF display rS complexes. Causes of left anterior fascicular block (LAFB) LAFB may occur in persons who are otherwise healthy. The majority of those…

Introduction to Coronary Artery Disease (Ischemic Heart Disease)

…artery. Such atherosclerotic plaques start building up early in childhood and by middle age, most persons have some degree of atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries…

Sinus node dysfunction (SND) and sick sinus syndrome (SSS)

…The conditions encircled by the term sinus node dysfunction are as follows: Sinus bradycardia (which in its purest form means that the automaticity is diminished)…

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