…creatinine ratio ≥0.3. Preeclampsia may nevertheless be diagnosed without proteinuria when clinical symptoms or laboratory abnormalities indicate end organ injury. Eclampsia is the occurrence…

…associated inflammation Oxidative stress Vascular dysfunction Promotion of vascular calcification Albuminuria and proteinuria Neurohormonal activation Plasma volume expansion Myocardial remodelling and fibrosis These processes form…

Cardiology Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and Pathophysiology Refractory angina is a chronic syndrome of persistent ischaemic symptoms despite the exhaustion of conventional therapeutic options…

Info This page summarises the most current recommendations for the management of acute coronary syndromes with persistent ST segment elevations (i.e STEMI, ST segment…

…segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a working diagnosis based on persistent ST segment elevation or an equivalent electrocardiographic pattern in a patient with symptoms…

…electrocardiographic abnormalities and with or without an acute rise in cardiac troponin. The spectrum ranges from symptom free presentation to persistent chest discomfort, cardiac arrest…

…limiting epicardial coronary stenosis. It is therefore a disorder of coronary microvascular perfusion rather than persistent obstruction of the treated epicardial segment. The phenomenon occurs…

…elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is an acute coronary syndrome characterized clinically by acute myocardial ischaemic symptoms or equivalent presentations together with persistent ST segment elevation…

…STEMI) is an acute myocardial infarction associated with a working diagnosis of persistent ST segment elevation or an accepted equivalent in the setting of ischaemic…

…of AF—paroxysmal, persistent, long standing persistent and permanent—and is not determined solely by the apparent frequency or duration of documented episodes. The central…