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In-Stent Restenosis: Mechanisms and Treatment

…Stent malapposition Stent fracture or collapse Residual edge dissection Incomplete lesion preparation Persistent stenosis within the treated segment Mechanical factors are particularly important because correction…

Refractory Angina: Options When Standard Therapy Fails

Cardiology Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and Pathophysiology Refractory angina is a chronic syndrome of persistent ischaemic symptoms despite the exhaustion of conventional therapeutic options…

🟠 Management of STEMI (ST-Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction)

Info This page summarises the most current recommendations for the management of acute coronary syndromes with persistent ST segment elevations (i.e STEMI, ST segment…

STEMI: Fibrinolysis, Indications, Contraindications and Rescue PCI

…segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a working diagnosis based on persistent ST segment elevation or an equivalent electrocardiographic pattern in a patient with symptoms…

Acute Coronary Syndrome: Definitions and Initial Triage

…electrocardiographic abnormalities and with or without an acute rise in cardiac troponin. The spectrum ranges from symptom free presentation to persistent chest discomfort, cardiac arrest…

No-Reflow Phenomenon During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Prevention and Treatment

…limiting epicardial coronary stenosis. It is therefore a disorder of coronary microvascular perfusion rather than persistent obstruction of the treated epicardial segment. The phenomenon occurs…

ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and ECG Criteria

…elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is an acute coronary syndrome characterized clinically by acute myocardial ischaemic symptoms or equivalent presentations together with persistent ST segment elevation…

STEMI: Primary PCI and System-of-Care Time Targets

…STEMI) is an acute myocardial infarction associated with a working diagnosis of persistent ST segment elevation or an accepted equivalent in the setting of ischaemic…

Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation: Choosing Anticoagulation

…of AF—paroxysmal, persistent, long standing persistent and permanent—and is not determined solely by the apparent frequency or duration of documented episodes. The central…

Indications for pacemaker

…implantation of a pacemaker. When considering a permanent pacemaker for bradyarrhythmia, it is important to distinguish persistent, reversible and intermittent bradycardia. The pathophysiology and prognosis…

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