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Acute vertigo: quick reference for HINTS and differential diagnosis

…present, neurological examination, gait and truncal stability Acute balance syndrome Acute persistent unsteadiness or ataxia without clear spontaneous nystagmus Cerebellar or brainstem infarction, intoxication, Wernicke…

Refractory Angina: Options When Standard Therapy Fails

Cardiology Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and Pathophysiology Refractory angina is a chronic syndrome of persistent ischaemic symptoms despite the exhaustion of conventional therapeutic options…

🟠 Management of STEMI (ST-Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction)

…the most current recommendations for the management of acute coronary syndromes with persistent ST segment elevations (i.e STEMI, ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction)…

STEMI: Fibrinolysis, Indications, Contraindications and Rescue PCI

…elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a working diagnosis based on persistent ST segment elevation or an equivalent electrocardiographic pattern in a patient with symptoms of…

Acute Coronary Syndrome: Definitions and Initial Triage

…occur without persistent ST segment elevation, accompanied by a rise and subsequent fall in cardiac specific troponin attributable to myocardial ischaemia. UA presents with compatible…

No-Reflow Phenomenon During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Prevention and Treatment

…than persistent obstruction of the treated epicardial segment. The phenomenon occurs in approximately 2%–3% of PCI procedures overall. It is particularly associated with intervention…

ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and ECG Criteria

…segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is an acute coronary syndrome characterized clinically by acute myocardial ischaemic symptoms or equivalent presentations together with persistent ST segment…

STEMI: Primary PCI and System-of-Care Time Targets

…ischemia and infarction Definition and Pathophysiology ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is an acute myocardial infarction associated with a working diagnosis of persistent ST…

Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation: Choosing Anticoagulation

…stroke risk is increased approximately five fold, and AF is associated with roughly one in five strokes. Thrombus formation is most commonly related to the…

Indications for pacemaker

…normal functioning AV node should not develop AV block when treated with beta blockers. Persisting bradycardia AV block AV block Definition Indication for pacing AV…

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