…is a later pathological process in which lipid laden foamy macrophages accumulate within the neointima. It may be accompanied by necrotic core formation and calcification…

…4, 5]. In contrast to acute myocardial infarction, pericarditis lacks prominent reciprocal ST depression and does not evolve into pathologic Q waves [4]. Additionally, PR…

…permanent ECG manifestation and that it represents transmural infarction (STEMI). However, recent studies challenge these notions. Pathological Q waves may resolve in up to 30…

…wave precedes every QRS complex and the P wave is positive in lead II. Sinus tachycardia is always considered pathological and the underlying cause must…

…Pathological R wave progression Normal R wave progression implies that the R wave amplitude increases gradually from V1 to V5 and then diminishes again in…

…in the autonomic nervous system, with increased sympathetic input (leading to stimulation of beta adrenergic receptors) and parasympathetic withdrawal. Sinus tachycardia secondary to disease and…

…with a paper speed of 25 mm/s, which is standard in the US and many other countries, a 2:1 block will be difficult…

…and types of cardiomyopathies Cardiomyopathy implies that the myocardium is structurally and functionally altered, and the pathological changes are not explained by coronary heart disease…

…in the corrected QT (QTc) interval. Several formulas exist to calculate QTc, each with its own characteristics. Bazett’s formula One of the earliest and…

…upper reference limit (URL). It is considered acute when there is a rise and/or fall in cTn values. An elevated cTn alone does not…

In the second part of the course you will learn all about the normal ECG, normal variants and diagnosis of pathological findings. A total of…