…is a later pathological process in which lipid laden foamy macrophages accumulate within the neointima. It may be accompanied by necrotic core formation and calcification…

…prominent reciprocal ST depression and does not evolve into pathologic Q waves [4]. Additionally, PR segment depression is a common and early electrocardiographic sign of…

…Lead Definition of pathological Q wave Normal variants V2–V3 ≥0,02 s or QS complex None All other leads ≥0,03 s and ≥1…

ECG Definition of normal and pathological pediatric and neonatal ECG The neonatal and pediatric electrocardiogram (ECG) is interpreted using the same principles as in ECG…

…ischemia and infarction Pathological R wave progression Normal R wave progression implies that the R wave amplitude increases gradually from V1 to V5 and then…

Arrhythmias and arrhythmology ECG Sinus tachycardia: causes, ECG, normal variants & pathological variants Sinus tachycardia is the most common tachyarrhythmia (tachycardia). Sinus tachycardia is the result…

Arrhythmias and arrhythmology ECG Atrial flutter Atrial flutter is the second most common pathological tachyarrhythmia. Only atrial fibrillation is more common. Atrial flutter occurs almost…

…and the pathological changes are not explained by coronary heart disease, hypertension, valvular disease or congenital heart disease. Cardiomyopathy leads to impaired cardiac function and…

[calc_qtc] 1 – 15 years, male and female Adult, male Adult, female Normal <440 ms <430 ms <450 ms Upper limit 440–460 ms 430…

…imaging, angiography, and, occasionally, pathological examination. Pathologically, infarction represents myocardial cell death caused by prolonged ischaemia. The first cellular abnormalities of ischaemia include depletion of…

…normal ECG, normal variants and diagnosis of pathological findings. A total of 8 lessons will guide you through all the waves, intervals, and durations,…