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Differential Diagnosis of Chest Pain: A Clinical Overview

…heart disease is broader than chest pain itself, encompassing symptoms like tightness, pressure, and discomfort in the chest, arms, neck, jaw, upper back, and abdomen…

ACE Inhibitor Cough and Angioedema: Practical Management

…manifests as localized, transient swelling of the subcutaneous or submucosal tissues, most frequently involving the face, lips, tongue, and upper airway. Due to the risk…

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (broken heart syndrome, stress induced cardiomyopathy)

…ECG changes in takotsubo cardiomyopathy The typical patient presents with severe chest pain, dyspnea and occasionally hemodynamic compromise. The ECG shows localized ST segment elevations…

Post-Infarction Pericarditis and Dressler Syndrome

…characterized by localized fibrinous pericarditis containing polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Important distinction from subacute cardiac rupture A post AMI pericardial effusion is not automatically attributable to Dressler…

Acute Aortic Syndromes: Intramural Haematoma and Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcer

…plaque that penetrates through the internal elastic lamina into the media. The lesion may produce a localized medial haematoma and can progress to IMH, pseudoaneurysm…

ECG localization of myocardial infarction / ischemia and coronary artery occlusion (culprit)

ECG Myocardial ischemia and infarction Using the ECG to localize myocardial infarction and the coronary occlusion Determining the localization of myocardial infarction and ischemia, as…

Anaphylaxis: quick reference for emergency management

…new onset marked weakness rapidly progressive symptoms from several organ systems severe abdominal pain or repeated vomiting after probable allergen exposure sudden hypotension or severe…

Chest Pain in the Emergency Department: Diagnostic Pathways

…symptom. It includes pain, pressure, tightness, heaviness, burning, or discomfort in the chest and may extend to the arms, shoulders, neck, jaw, upper back, abdomen…

Opioid therapy in severe pain

…biliary tract disease. There is no contraindication to analgesia in the acute abdomen . The notion that an opioid masks the diagnosis has been disproved — withholding…

Opioids in acute pain: quick reference for dosing and conversion

…opioid at the same time. Opioids in abdominal pain of unclear cause do not delay the diagnosis and should be given, but document the examination…

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