…and tends to worsen when the patient lies flat or moves [2], [5]. Localization: While often retrosternal, the pain may be localized to the left…

…and throat pain may point toward gastroesophageal reflux. Physical examination should include a speculum examination of the nose to look for excess mucoid or purulent…

…acute condition. Much research has been devoted to it in recent years. Most cases (70%) of takotsubo cardiomyopathy occur in situations with extreme stress, such…

…illness and, in some series, is reported in up to approximately one third of patients. Its absence therefore does not exclude the diagnosis. Findings suggesting…

…plaque that penetrates through the internal elastic lamina into the media. The lesion may produce a localized medial haematoma and can progress to IMH, pseudoaneurysm…

ECG Myocardial ischemia and infarction Using the ECG to localize myocardial infarction and the coronary occlusion Determining the localization of myocardial infarction and ischemia, as…

…The absence of urticaria must therefore not be used to exclude the diagnosis [1]. Isolated urticaria, localised angio oedema or itching without compromise of the…

…to the arms, shoulders, neck, jaw, upper back, abdomen, or epigastrium. Dyspnoea, nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis, fatigue, faintness, and other symptoms may occur without chest pain…

…reconsider the pain mechanism instead of continuing to increase the dose. The level of sedation is scored on a four point scale: 0 fully awake…

…unstable pain: the onset takes 12 to 24 hours and the offset just as long. Breakthrough dose During ongoing opioid treatment: a breakthrough dose of…