…and tends to worsen when the patient lies flat or moves [2], [5]. Localization: While often retrosternal, the pain may be localized to the left…

…ECG changes in takotsubo cardiomyopathy The typical patient presents with severe chest pain, dyspnea and occasionally hemodynamic compromise. The ECG shows localized ST segment elevations…

…characterized by localized fibrinous pericarditis containing polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Important distinction from subacute cardiac rupture A post AMI pericardial effusion is not automatically attributable to Dressler…

…endings and afferent neural pathways in causing chronic refractory cough, akin to chronic neuropathic pain. This syndrome presents with a dry or minimally productive cough…

…plaque that penetrates through the internal elastic lamina into the media. The lesion may produce a localized medial haematoma and can progress to IMH, pseudoaneurysm…

ECG Myocardial ischemia and infarction Using the ECG to localize myocardial infarction and the coronary occlusion Determining the localization of myocardial infarction and ischemia, as…

…10 to 20 percent of anaphylactic reactions. The absence of urticaria must therefore not be used to exclude the diagnosis [1]. Isolated urticaria, localised angio…

…remains consequential, and historically 2–6% of patients discharged with presumed non ischaemic chest pain were subsequently found to have had an infarction. Pathophysiological Considerations…

…patient who is pain free lying still but screams when turned has not finished being titrated. Expect an opioid naive adult to need 5–15…

…hour to approximately 40–50 mg of oral morphine per day. Patches have no place in acute, unstable pain: the onset takes 12 to 24…