…acute pancreatitis, alkalosis due to hyperventilation, rhabdomyolysis (particularly the initial phase), sepsis, malignancies with osteoblastic metastases, diminished calcium absorption and/or enhanced calcium excretion, chronic…

…These age variations in heart rate are due to variations in the activity of the autonomic nervous system and changes in the automaticity of the…

…syndromes & chest pain patients An ECG must be performed on all patients seeking medical attention due to chest discomfort or other symptoms that may be…

…is thought to involve the sensitization of sensory nerve endings due to the accumulation of bradykinin. ACE is responsible for metabolizing bradykinin and other tachykinins…

…will experience severe chest pain due to the abrupt reduction of coronary blood flow. Acute coronary syndromes are subdivided into STE ACS and NSTE ACS …

…pathological Q waves may be used to diagnose myocardial ischemia and infarction. Symptoms – Patients with acute myocardial infarction may present with typical ischemic chest pain…

…severe chest pain, diaphoresis, hypotension, pulmonary edema, malignant arrhythmias, and rapid progression to cardiogenic shock. Ventricular fibrillation or asystole may occur early due to the…

…referred to as transmural ischemia). Yet, the pain caused by NSTEMI and unstable angina is considerable and most patients are therefore markedly affected. Other symptoms…

…benign and the most common cause of sinus arrest/pause. It commonly affects younger individuals who endure intense emotional stress, acute pain or other stimuli…

…to distinguish Type 2 MI from acute and chronic myocardial injury. Myocardial injury is characterised by myocyte necrosis and troponin elevation due to mechanisms other…