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Digoxin: Dosing, Therapeutic Range and Toxicity Management

…vomiting, generalized malaise, and visual disturbances such as altered color perception and halo vision. Cardiac toxicity presents as various arrhythmias, ranging from bradycardias related to…

Hypertensive Emergency and Urgency: Differentiation and Treatment

…cause harm without prognostic benefit Clinical Presentation and Symptoms Symptoms depend on the organ system involved. Possible manifestations include headache, visual disturbance, chest pain, dyspnoea…

Alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens: quick reference

…3. Rapid identification of seizures, delirium tremens, infection, trauma and metabolic disturbance. 4. Monitoring at the appropriate level of care , with readiness for respiratory support…

Hypoglycaemia: quick reference for emergency management

…brain can cause: difficulty concentrating irritability or abnormal behaviour slurred speech visual disturbance confusion focal neurological signs drowsiness or unconsciousness seizures coma The symptom threshold…

Hypertensive crisis: quick reference for acute blood pressure lowering

…4]. Step 2: look systematically for acute organ damage Organ or condition Findings to look for Initial investigation : : : CNS Confusion, reduced consciousness, visual disturbance, foca

Delirium in older adults: quick reference

…has reduced orientation to the surroundings Other cognitive disturbance Disorientation, memory impairment, disorganised thinking, language disturbance or perceptual disturbance Organic cause The condition can be…

Invasive Coronary Angiography: Indications and Vascular Access

…selected stenoses using fractional flow reserve (FFR) and instantaneous wave free ratio (iFR). Other invasive techniques can quantify coronary flow reserve (CFR), assess microvascular resistance…

Fractional Flow Reserve and Non-Hyperaemic Pressure Ratios

…is weak, particularly for intermediate lesions. Even lesions with a visual diameter reduction of 50–70% may or may not produce ischaemia. Conversely, some lesions…

Other ECG changes in ischemia and infarction

…of ischemia (but the sensitivity is low). U wave changes always accompany other ischemic ST T changes. They may occur in both NSTEMI and STEMI…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…Akutsjukvård Lathundar Key messages Two things set the COPD exacerbation apart from many other causes of acute dyspnoea: oxygen must be titrated cautiously and the…

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