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Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…and other sedating drugs. Thromboembolic risk, for example immobilisation, cancer and previous venous thromboembolism. A documented decision on the ceiling of care. Signs of a…

Liver parameters

…liver injury is the commonest cause Isolated bilirubin Unconjugated, the others normal Gilbert's syndrome, haemolysis The R value = (ALT / upper limit of normal)…

Cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)

…outcomes. The vast majority of infections with COVID 19 result in mild disease, with symptoms similar to seasonal flu (influenza) and other viral respiratory infections…

Pericarditis, myocarditis & perimyocarditis: ECG, criteria & treatment

…each other, the term perimyocarditis is often used. Image by Bruce Blausen, Blausen Gallery 2014. Causes of acute pericarditis/myocarditis The most frequent cause of…

Eletrical alternans: the ECG in pericardial effusion & cardiac tamponade

…common cause of pericardial effusion is infections, such as viral, bacterial, and tuberculous infections. Post pericardiotomy syndrome. Acute transmural myocardial infarction. Rupture of the free…

Cardiac Tamponade: Recognition and Pericardiocentesis

…Causes Tamponade shares the causes of pericardial effusion. Important clinical associations include: Idiopathic or viral pericarditis Malignant pericardial disease Tuberculosis Purulent or bacterial pericarditis Trauma…

Delirium in older adults: quick reference

…has reduced orientation to the surroundings Other cognitive disturbance Disorientation, memory impairment, disorganised thinking, language disturbance or perceptual disturbance Organic cause The condition can be…

Neutropenic fever: quick reference for emergency management

…managed as neutropenic sepsis even if the temperature criterion is not met. The first hour Step Action : : 1 ABCDE, full vital signs, level of consciousness…

🟠 Mean arterial pressure (MAP) calculator

…to vital organs than systolic blood pressure alone. Predictive Value : Elevated MAP has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as stroke…

Acute Coronary Syndrome: Definitions and Initial Triage

…the fourth universal definition of MI. Type 1 MI is generally related to an atherothrombotic event, whereas Types 2–5 MI have other mechanisms of…

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