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Carotid Artery Disease: Screening, Medical Therapy and Revascularisation

…PAD), and other manifestations of systemic atherosclerosis. The principal clinical concern is cerebral embolism or haemodynamic compromise leading to transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or stroke…

Hypertensive Emergency and Urgency: Differentiation and Treatment

…and cerebral involvement. Catecholamine excess and drug related presentations Severe hypertension may result from phaeochromocytoma, monoamine oxidase inhibitor crisis, cocaine intoxication, or other sympathomimetic exposure…

Atrial Fibrillation in the Critically Ill Patient

…transient rate related conduction abnormalities, pacing related repolarization changes, and inadequate coronary flow relative to myocardial oxygen demand. Consequently, an elevated cardiac troponin concentration and…

🟠 Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid)

…Secondary prophylaxis to prevent recurrence of cerebrovascular diseases, such as: Transient ischemic attacks (TIA). Stroke Contraindications Cross reactivity: Do not administer to patients with a…

Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease

…exposure produces transient haemodynamic and myocardial effects, whereas sustained heavy consumption is associated with hypertension, coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, heart failure and alcohol related cardiomyopathy…

Vasospastic (Prinzmetal) Angina: Provocation Testing and Treatment

Cardiology Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Vasospastic angina (VA), formerly termed Prinzmetal or variant angina, is myocardial ischaemia caused by transient abnormal vasoconstriction…

🟠 CHADS-VA Bleeding Risk Score

…75 years (2 points) D iabetes Mellitus (1 point) S₂ troke, Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA), or Thromboembolism history (2 points) V ascular Disease (1 point)…

Complications of Coronary Angiography and Vascular Access Management

Myocardial ischemia and infarction Procedurer Definition and scope Coronary angiography is an invasive fluoroscopic procedure in which contrast media are injected selectively into the epicardial…

Liver parameters

…paracetamol poisoning, ischaemic hepatitis ("shock liver") or acute viral hepatitis. The three are distinguished by the history and the speed of the course. An AST…

ACE Inhibitor Cough and Angioedema: Practical Management

…the sensitization of sensory nerve endings due to the accumulation of bradykinin. ACE is responsible for metabolizing bradykinin and other tachykinins, such as substance P…

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