…after meals or on recumbency, frequent eructation, hoarseness, and throat pain may point toward gastroesophageal reflux. Physical examination should include a speculum examination of the…

…the balance between reduction in ischaemic events and possible infectious or other non cardiovascular adverse outcomes. Mechanisms of action Colchicine Colchicine appears to exert several…

…from therapies requiring monthly or biweekly injections. Inclisiran is used as an adjunct to dietary measures and maximally tolerated statin therapy, with or without other…

…a population of individuals unable or unwilling to take statins, bempedoic acid 180 mg daily produced approximately 21% reductions in both LDL C and hsCRP…

…little or no consistent effect on cardiovascular complications in T2DM. Cardiovascular benefit depends substantially on comprehensive risk factor management and, in appropriate patients, selection of…

…pronounced symptoms and other therapies have failed. Patients with structural heart disease or reduced left ventricular function are not eligible. Effects of propafenone and flecainide…

…one that incorporates pharmacological and interventional (substrate ablation) therapies [5] . This review synthesizes the current evidence base, emphasizing the 2022 European Society of Cardiology (ESC…

…12 lead ECG or a single lead ECG tracing lasting ≥30 seconds, characterized by irregularly irregular R R intervals and the absence of distinct P…

…of fragmented QRS complexes ( Figure 2 ) are as follows: QRS complex with more than 1 R wave and/or notch in the descending limb of…

…set the COPD exacerbation apart from many other causes of acute dyspnoea: oxygen must be titrated cautiously and the blood gas determines the need for…