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Diagnostic Criteria for Acute Myocardial Infarction: Cardiac troponins, ECG & Symptoms

…downstream, causing microvascular embolization (i.e occluding smaller vessels downstream). The thrombosis causes occlusion of the artery; blood flow may be partially or completely obstructed…

Complications of Coronary Angiography and Vascular Access Management

…and blood transfusion with radial access. Radial access has also been associated with lower overall major adverse cardiac events and mortality in pooled analyses of…

Acute Coronary Syndrome: Definitions and Initial Triage

…Types 2–5 MI have other mechanisms of myocardial ischaemia and necrosis. Unstable angina (UA) represents myocardial ischaemia without demonstrable acute cardiomyocyte injury or necrosis…

Stent Thrombosis: Timing, Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

…always be specified. Coronary arterial thrombi are predominantly platelet rich because they form under high shear conditions. Disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque or injury associated…

The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…laboratory medicine Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Myocardial infarction (MI) is a clinical diagnosis that integrates myocardial injury, evidence of acute myocardial ischaemia…

Atropine: Dosing in Bradycardia and Its Limitations

…digitalis excess. Biomarkers and Laboratory Findings The source material does not provide information on biomarkers or laboratory findings specific to the evaluation of bradycardia. Treatment…

ECG Criteria for STEMI (ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction)

…Other leads Greater than or equal to 1 mm These criteria for the other leads apply in the absence of left ventricular hypertrophy or left…

Chest Pain in the Emergency Department: Diagnostic Pathways

…Myocardial injury leads to release of cardiac troponin, but troponin elevation is not specific for myocardial infarction. Other conditions may produce cardiomyocyte injury and elevated…

Advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) - Advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS)

…if there is suspicion of cervical spine injury, in which scenario head tilt chin lift should only be used if other methods fail to open…

Atrial flutter: classification, causes, ECG criteria and management

…beats per minute. Note that with a paper speed of 25 mm/s, which is standard in the US and many other countries, a 2…

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