…cTn) concentration above the assay specific 99th percentile upper reference limit (URL). It is considered acute when there is a rise and/or fall in…

…reproductive and pregnancy related history. Female specific or female predominant factors associated with later cardiovascular risk include: Premature menopause Premature ovarian insufficiency Hypertensive disorders of…

…Other cardiopulmonary causes , including myopericardial disease, pulmonary embolism, aortic emergencies, and pneumothorax. Non cardiopulmonary causes , including gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and anxiety related disorders. The immediate objective…

…remodelling and renal impairment to develop, leaving persistent hypertension despite correction of the initiating disorder. Earlier diagnosis is associated with a greater likelihood of cure…

…and thromboembolic disorders. Most recognised heritable cardiovascular conditions demonstrate autosomal dominant transmission, in which an affected heterozygous individual has a 50% risk of transmitting the…

…adults with elevated blood pressure (BP), in whom absolute cardiovascular risk varies considerably according to age and the presence of concomitant risk factors. In contrast…

…measurements permit assessment of the physiological significance of selected stenoses using fractional flow reserve (FFR) and instantaneous wave free ratio (iFR). Other invasive techniques can…

…of Brugada syndrome are fairly specific to the disorder, provided that the clinical characteristics are in line with the disorder. There are however other disorders…

…autoimmune disorder or known malignancy may suggest specific, nonidiopathic etiologies [2]. Summary of Pain Characteristics The following table synthesizes the key differential diagnoses and their…

…there is a correlation between the severity of electrolyte imbalance and the visible ECG changes. Specific electrolyte disorders 1. Sodium Increased (hypernatremia) and decreased (hyponatremia)…