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Atrial flutter: classification, causes, ECG criteria and management

…be blocked. The degree of blocking in the atrioventricular node is specified by counting the number of flutter waves preceding each QRS complex. If 3…

Stent Thrombosis: Timing, Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

…fulfilled. The temporal relationship to stent implantation should always be specified. Coronary arterial thrombi are predominantly platelet rich because they form under high shear conditions…

Acute coronary syndrome: quick reference for loading doses and time targets

…and the bleeding risk, and exclude dangerous differential diagnoses [1,2]. STEMI and other ECG patterns suggesting acute coronary occlusion are time dependent conditions. The…

Cardiovascular Risk in Women: Sex-Specific Factors

…risk enhancing conditions and are more prevalent in women. Chronic kidney disease and several other comorbidities also contribute to the disproportionate cardiovascular burden in women…

Familial and Genetic Screening in Premature Cardiovascular Disease

…Genetic and miscellaneous conditions Definition and scope Familial and genetic screening in cardiovascular medicine is the systematic assessment of relatives and other individuals who may…

Familial Hypercholesterolaemia: Diagnosis, Cascade Screening and Treatment

…may develop when the disorder is not recognized early in life. Corneal arcus and xanthelasma can also occur, although they are less specific for FH…

Brugada syndrome: ECG, clinical features and management

…syndrome are fairly specific to the disorder, provided that the clinical characteristics are in line with the disorder. There are however other disorders that may…

Pericardial Effusion & Cardiac tamponade

…In case of suspicion of pericardial disease, it is important to conduct a careful investigation as several conditions may affect hemodynamics and the underlying cause…

Chest Pain in the Emergency Department: Diagnostic Pathways

…is not specific for myocardial infarction. Other conditions may produce cardiomyocyte injury and elevated troponin, so biomarker interpretation must be integrated with the clinical history…

ECG Criteria for STEMI (ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction)

…involvement overlying the atria [4, 5]. Other Differential Diagnoses ST segment elevations simulating acute ischemia or infarction may also occur in the following conditions [15…

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