…atrial fibrillation, and other arrhythmias or conduction abnormalities. CKD also worsens the prognosis of established CVD. Mechanisms linking CKD to cardiovascular disease The association is…

…an incomplete representation of atherogenic burden. Clinical Presentation and Symptoms ApoB elevation and increased non HDL C are laboratory abnormalities and do not produce specific

…include depletion of glycogen, relaxation of myofibrils, and disruption of the sarcolemma. These changes may appear within 10–15 minutes of ischaemia. Mitochondrial abnormalities can…

…interpretation in adults. The ECG must always be interpreted using a systematic approach in order to minimize the probability of missing significant abnormalities. The following…

…microvascular dysfunction or other pathologies. The software allows for detailed regional analysis of myocardial perfusion, highlighting specific segments of the left ventricle that demonstrate abnormalities…

…diuretic dose. Other clinical contexts Secondary causes should be pursued when abnormalities are identified on initial testing or when particular symptoms or physical findings sug

…specific troponin elevation above the 99th percentile. The clinical presentation should not be interpreted in isolation. The initial diagnosis and triage depend on integration of…

…Disease specific genetic architecture HCM is predominantly associated with variants affecting sarcomeric proteins, particularly MYH7 and MYBPC3. Approximately 40–60% of tested patients have a…

…in the context of the clinical presentation and other findings. A reduced CFR may occur with angiographically insignificant epicardial disease because of abnormalities in the…

…Myocardial injury leads to release of cardiac troponin, but troponin elevation is not specific for myocardial infarction. Other conditions may produce cardiomyocyte injury and elevated…