…and other individuals who may carry an inherited predisposition to cardiovascular disease. It combines a structured family history, clinical evaluation, cardiac investigations, genetic counselling and…

…and undertreatment. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors Several conventional risk factors have sex dependent effects: Blood pressure rises more steeply in women from young adulthood, resulting…

…males, or binge drinking in either sex. Other definitions of unhealthy drinking include at least two drinks daily in women or three in men, or…

…AF patients. Evidence suggests that the increased stroke risk in women is more closely associated with other comorbidities and age rather than sex alone. Consequently…

…two contiguous leads [8, 10]. The specific voltage thresholds vary based on patient age, sex, and lead location, as detailed below [8, 10]: Patient Demographic…

…department, as well as in primary health care. The cause (etiology) of chest pain varies according to age, sex, risk factors, type of symptoms etc…

…and without compressing the skin. Ratios and other measurements Measurement Calculation Threshold : : : Waist–hip ratio Waist / hip Men 0.90, women 0.85 = abdominal…

…cardiovascular death, and progression of atherosclerotic disease in patients with established coronary or other atherosclerotic vascular disease. Antiplatelet therapy is a central component because platelet…

…years Male sex Previous upper gastrointestinal disease Hepatic or renal disease Multiple cardiovascular risk factors Concomitant nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs Corticosteroid therapy Other antiplatelet or…

…cells, macrophages, neurons and other tissues. This distribution helps explain why PA produces cardiovascular injury beyond its effects on blood pressure and potassium balance. The…