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Secondary Hypertension: When and How to Investigate

…used to quantify sodium and potassium intake, preferably while the patient is receiving a stable diuretic dose. Other clinical contexts Secondary causes should be pursued…

Antiplatelet Therapy in Secondary Prevention After Myocardial Infarction

…does not specify the loading dose. Efficacy and harms In secondary prevention trials involving patients with previous vascular disease, aspirin reduced the combined incidence of…

🟠 Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid)

…Interactions Pharmacodynamic interactions Anticoagulants, thrombolytics, or other platelet aggregation inhibitors: Salicylates inhibit platelet function and enhance the effect of anticoagulants, increasing bleeding risk. Monitor coagulation…

Aspirin in Primary Prevention: Current Recommendations

…effect is relatively limited compared with agents that inhibit other platelet pathways. The distinction between primary and secondary prevention is fundamental: Primary prevention refers to…

LDL Cholesterol Targets Across Cardiovascular Risk Categories

…Non HDL C and apoB are secondary targets or risk refining measures, particularly in patients with: Diabetes or other cardiometabolic risk factors Obesity Insulin resistance…

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Versus Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease

…underlying coronary atherosclerotic process. Their clinical effects therefore occur within the broader framework of guideline directed medical therapy and secondary prevention. PCI treats focal stenotic…

Primary Aldosteronism: Screening and Management

…1, formerly termed glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism, and other familial forms associated with adrenal adenoma or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. A family history is therefore important, particularly…

Resistant Hypertension: Evaluation and Treatment

… Increased mortality; and A higher probability of secondary hypertension. Patients may also have comorbid features associated with a greater cardiovascular risk among those with resistant…

Smoking Cessation: Pharmacotherapy and Cardiovascular Benefit

…other inhaled nicotine products. In cardiovascular medicine, the objective is not merely to reduce cigarette consumption but to achieve complete abstinence from tobacco and ultimately…

Left Main Coronary Artery Disease: Revascularisation Strategy

…The extent of jeopardized myocardium Left ventricular systolic function Diabetes and other comorbidities Anatomical complexity and completeness of possible revascularization A proximal lesion jeopardizes more…

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