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In-Stent Restenosis: Mechanisms and Treatment

Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and Clinical Significance In stent restenosis (ISR) is recurrent narrowing within a previously implanted coronary stent. It represents a form…

No-Reflow Phenomenon During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Prevention and Treatment

…on the extent of microvascular obstruction and the territory supplied by the treated vessel. Possible manifestations include: Persistent or recurrent myocardial ischemia Deterioration in ventricular…

NSTEMI: Risk Stratification and Timing of the Invasive Strategy

…A selective or delayed approach is recommended in this setting unless other findings justify urgent intervention. Risk scores Several risk scores integrate clinical, ECG, and…

ACE Inhibitor Cough and Angioedema: Practical Management

…is characteristically nonproductive and dry. Patients may describe a persistent tickle or sensitivity in the throat. In recent years, the concept of a distinct "cough…

Stent Thrombosis: Timing, Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

…and fibrin formation. Within a stented segment, thrombus may also develop because of disturbed flow, residual dissection, inadequate stent expansion, incomplete apposition, or persistent disease…

Unstable Angina: Definition and Contemporary Management

…or without ECG abnormalities and with or without an elevation in cardiac troponin. The underlying pathological mechanism is not restricted to a single lesion or…

Ezetimibe: Place in Therapy and Expected LDL-C Reduction

…dL), and at least a 50% reduction from baseline. For a patient who experiences a recurrent atherothrombotic event while receiving maximally tolerated statin therapy, an…

Immediate Management of Type A and Type B Aortic Dissection

…ischaemia Paraplegia or paraparesis Persistent or recurrent pain Hypertension that remains uncontrolled despite optimal therapy Acute type A dissection has a particularly rapid early mortality…

Acute coronary syndrome: quick reference for loading doses and time targets

…opening of a persistently occluded infarct related artery in a stable and asymptomatic patient is by contrast not recommended [1,5]. STEMI criteria and occlusion…

Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: Myocardial Viability Assessment and Revascularization

…when ischemic cardiomyopathy is associated with recurrent MI, ventricular arrhythmias, or a large burden of hibernating myocardium. Evaluation and physical examination The assessment should establish…

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