…the usual course. Severe AKI requiring dialysis is uncommon except in the presence of substantial pre existing CKD, particularly when congestive heart failure or other…

…pre existing diabetes, previous myocardial infarction, or heart failure. Mechanical disruption must be considered whenever abrupt circulatory collapse occurs after STEMI. Rupture may involve the…

…infarction has occurred The extent and degree of myocardial involvement The anatomical territory, including anterior, inferoposterolateral or right ventricular involvement Pre existing abnormalities such as…

…common tachyarrhythmia requiring treatment in decompensated heart failure (DHF). In the critically ill patient, AF may be pre existing, newly detected for the first time…

…generation or conduction failure. The pathophysiology of these events may stem from reversible causes, including hypovolemia, hypoxia, cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, preexisting acidosis, drug overdose…

…His bundle, Purkinje system) Preexisting AV block, bundle branch block or fascicular block may become worse. Particularly, the degree of AV block may increase. QRS…

…or other atherosclerotic disease; diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors; smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, and sedentary behaviour; family history, particularly in the broader assessment of peripheral…

…pre eclampsia or eclampsia. The blood pressure is often at least 180/120 mmHg, but no absolute threshold defines the condition. A rapid rise in…

…intoxication, or other sympathomimetic exposure, including methamphetamine. Abrupt withdrawal of antihypertensive medication, particularly clonidine, can also precipitate a hypertensive crisis. Pregnancy Hypertensive emergencies in pre

…complexes due to bundle branch blocks or other conduction defects. However, in rare instances, it may be due to pre excited atrial fibrillation (i.e…