…younger and more often female than patients with atherosclerotic mediated myocardial infarction. A history of cigarette smoking may be present despite relatively few other conventional…

…restenosis and stent thrombosis. Intravascular imaging may also clarify the mechanism of an acute coronary syndrome (ACS), particularly when angiography shows no significant obstructive disease…

…Deasy et al ). A complete airway obstruction results in PEA and cardiac arrest within 8 minutes. Cardiac arrest as a result of asphyxia or hypoxia…

…thrombus and other structural features that may not be evident on angiography alone. It is particularly useful when ACS occurs without significant obstructive CAD or…

…Epicardial and microvascular angina can coexist, and this combination is associated with a worse prognosis. VA may occur in the presence of obstructive coronary artery…

…and cardiac amyloidosis using appropriate radiopharmaceuticals. Functional perfusion imaging primarily identifies haemodynamically important disease. Non obstructive coronary atherosclerosis not associated with demonstrable ischaemia may therefore…

…or delayed approach is recommended in this setting unless other findings justify urgent intervention. Risk scores Several risk scores integrate clinical, ECG, and biomarker variables…

…severe hypotension, or high degree AV block. Caffeine and other methylxanthines, which antagonize adenosine receptors, should be avoided for at least 12 hours before testing…

…or other professionals. A physician is always formally responsible for conducting the test. All personnel must be appropriately trained and the laboratory must be equipped…

…appropriate when: The pre test likelihood of obstructive CAD is moderate or high, generally greater than 15% and less than 85% Baseline ECG abnormalities make…