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Chest Pain in the Emergency Department: Diagnostic Pathways

…or non cardiac . The term “atypical” is discouraged because it may understate the possibility of ischaemia. A focused history should establish: Quality of the discomfort…

ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and ECG Criteria

…Epigastric or subxiphoid pain may be mistaken for indigestion. Associated manifestations include: Sweating Nausea and vomiting Anxiety A sense of impending doom When STEMI begins…

Introduction to exercise stress testing (treadmill test, exercise ECG)

…as exercise ECG or exercise tolerance test . Because the vast majority of all exercise stress tests in the United States are performed using a treadmill…

ApoB and Non-HDL Cholesterol in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment

…the relative advantage of apoB over non HDL C or standard lipid testing remains unsettled. In a large population study, LDL C, non HDL C…

NSTEMI (Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction) & Unstable Angina: Diagnosis, Criteria, ECG, Management

…STEMI, on the other hand, is caused by a complete coronary artery occlusion, which results in the complete stop of blood flow and thus more…

Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries: Causes, Work-up and Management

…obstructive stenosis in a major epicardial coronary artery. Non obstructive disease is generally defined as the absence of a stenosis of 50% or more in…

Fractional Flow Reserve and Non-Hyperaemic Pressure Ratios

…measurements require interpretation in the context of the clinical presentation and other findings. A reduced CFR may occur with angiographically insignificant epicardial disease because of…

NSTEMI: Risk Stratification and Timing of the Invasive Strategy

…results. Patients with suspected ACS are categorized into a STEMI pathway or an NSTE ACS pathway according to the initial ECG and clinical presentation. For…

Ezetimibe: Place in Therapy and Expected LDL-C Reduction

…Its principal clinical effect is therefore reduction of LDL cholesterol (LDL C), through a mechanism complementary to that of statins. Statins reduce hepatic cholesterol synthesis…

🟠 Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid)

…to patients with a history of asthma, rhinitis, or urticaria triggered by: Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). Other non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Other contraindications: Hemophilia…

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