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ApoB and Non-HDL Cholesterol in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment

…a)] Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) Chylomicrons and other triglyceride rich particles Thus, non HDL C provides a broader estimate of atherogenic cholesterol than LDL…

NSTEMI (Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction) & Unstable Angina: Diagnosis, Criteria, ECG, Management

…ischemia that only affects the subendocardium). STEMI, on the other hand, is caused by a complete coronary artery occlusion, which results in the complete stop…

Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries: Causes, Work-up and Management

Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and clinical concept Myocardial infarction with non obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) describes a clinical presentation in which the patient has…

Fractional Flow Reserve and Non-Hyperaemic Pressure Ratios

…associated with an excellent prognosis, whereas discordant measurements require interpretation in the context of the clinical presentation and other findings. A reduced CFR may occur…

NSTEMI: Risk Stratification and Timing of the Invasive Strategy

…for a selective invasive approach? Is the clinical likelihood of true NSTE ACS low enough that non invasive evaluation is more appropriate? The presence of…

Ezetimibe: Place in Therapy and Expected LDL-C Reduction

Cardiology Pharmacology & dosing Definition and pharmacological basis Ezetimibe is a non statin lipid lowering agent that inhibits the Niemann–Pick C1 like 1 (NPC1L1) transporter…

🟠 Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid)

…asthma, rhinitis, or urticaria triggered by: Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin). Other non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Other contraindications: Hemophilia. Thrombocytopenia. Active gastric or duodenal ulcers…

LDL Cholesterol Targets Across Cardiovascular Risk Categories

…Non HDL C and apoB are secondary targets or risk refining measures, particularly in patients with: Diabetes or other cardiometabolic risk factors Obesity Insulin resistance…

Artifacts in ultrasound imaging

Echocardiography Ultrasound artifacts The following artifacts are common in ultrasound imaging: The ultrasound image displays non existing structures. The ultrasound image does not display existing…

Familial and Genetic Screening in Premature Cardiovascular Disease

…Less commonly, autosomal recessive inheritance. X linked or other non autosomal dominant mechanisms. Complex or multifactorial genetic architecture. The inheritance pattern affects the appropriate scope…

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