…vasoconstriction of one or more coronary arteries. Epicardial spasm produces a reversible functional occlusion and usually causes transmural ischaemia. The resulting abnormalities in left ventricular…

…include fixed coronary atherosclerosis without plaque rupture, coronary artery spasm, coronary microvascular dysfunction (encompassing endothelial dysfunction, smooth muscle cell dysfunction, and dysregulation of sympathetic innervation)…

…Akutsjukvård Lathundar Key messages Two things set the COPD exacerbation apart from many other causes of acute dyspnoea: oxygen must be titrated cautiously and the…

…population measure that performs poorly at the level of the individual: it does not distinguish muscle from fat and takes no account of fat distribution…

…10 such victims, the heart in 6 or 7 showed no recent disease in coronary arteries or in heart muscle. In other words, the heart…

…halve before the creatinine leaves the reference range, because the relationship is hyperbolic. In people with a low muscle mass — the elderly, the undernourished, amputees…

…and venous filling may be reduced. Other possible findings include muscle stiffening and loss of deep tendon reflexes. Pulses are absent distal to the obstruction…

…multiple arterial territories. The arterial wall is biologically active. Endothelial and smooth muscle cells normally regulate vascular tone, preserve an antithrombotic surface, and control the…

…or arteries supplying the limbs. In adults over 40 years of age, atherosclerosis is the predominant cause. Other mechanisms include thrombosis, embolism, vasculitis, fibromuscular dysplasia…

…transport—MRs are also present in cardiac myocytes, vascular smooth muscle, endothelial cells, macrophages, neurons and other tissues. This distribution helps explain why PA produces…