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Atherosclerosis: Pathogenesis from Fatty Streak to Plaque Rupture

…Although epicardial coronary arteries are a major site of disease, atherosclerosis is systemic and may affect multiple arterial territories. The arterial wall is biologically active…

NSTEMI: Risk Stratification and Timing of the Invasive Strategy

…heart failure presumed to result from ongoing myocardial ischaemia Haemodynamic instability or cardiogenic shock Life threatening arrhythmias or cardiac arrest after presentation Mechanical complications of…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

…accounting for approximately 80% of cases. Other causes include acute mechanical complications—particularly ventricular septal defect (VSD) and papillary muscle rupture with acute severe mitral…

No-Reflow Phenomenon During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Prevention and Treatment

…association with other procedural complications, including distal embolization, coronary dissection, perforation, and abrupt closure. The clinical consequences depend heavily on the amount of viable myocardium…

Complete Versus Culprit-Only Revascularization in Acute Coronary Syndrome

…In cardiogenic shock, the principal precipitating mechanisms include ischaemia related heart failure, acute severe mitral regurgitation, and other mechanical complications. Shock occurs more often when…

Advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) - Advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS)

…if there is suspicion of cervical spine injury, in which scenario head tilt chin lift should only be used if other methods fail to open…

Stent Thrombosis: Timing, Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

…of several possibilities: Extension of the original infarction or reinfarction Acute native vessel thrombosis Stent thrombosis Mechanical complications of myocardial infarction Pericarditis Dynamic recurrence of…

Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation: Choosing Anticoagulation

…the anticoagulation indication. Previous stroke or TIA. The presence of mitral stenosis, a mechanical heart valve or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Heart failure, hypertension, diabetes and vascular…

Terminology of sudden cardiac arrest and resuscitation

…Use of synchronized electric shock (i.e. a shock synchronized to the QRS complex). Typically used to treat atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, and other tachyarrhythmias…

Anticoagulants: quick reference for dosing, renal adjustment and reversal

…target INR 2.0 3.0 A mechanical valve may require a higher target Doses in venous thromboembolism Treatment doses in deep vein thrombosis and…

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