…of us who have read guidelines may agree with those viewpoints. Going through some guidelines the other day I realized that they are indeed becoming…

…only one pathway of platelet activation, its antiplatelet effect is relatively limited compared with agents that inhibit other platelet pathways. The distinction between primary and…

…scarce). Indeed, the strongest risk factor for developing atrial fibrillation is age. Other significant risk factors are as follows: male sex, hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy…

… male sex, subtle electrocardiographic abnormalities and particular genes may predict earlier disease expression. In many cardiomyopathies, women manifest disease later than men, with the timing…

…Combination therapy with multiple antihypertensives is often necessary to normalize blood pressure. Management of hypertension requires careful consideration of other cardiovascular risk factors and coexisting…

…complex or T wave can be seen. This is pathognomonic (unique) to ventricular fibrillation and must not be confused with any other arrhythmia. Figure 1…

…table below shows a systematic history taking in patients presenting with chest pain (chest discomfort) or other symptoms suggestive of the five conditions listed above…

…population. Some patients have a pathophysiological profile closer to HFrEF, whereas others have features overlapping with HFpEF, including abnormalities of LV relaxation and filling. Hypertension…

…books will realize their shortcomings at their first encounter with an ECG in reality. Books that claim to make it "simple" can provide a quick…

…with straight (horizontal, upsloping, or downsloping) or convex ST segment strongly suggest acute transmural ischemia ( Figure 1 A ). Concave ST segment elevations, on the other…