…clinical disease. HeFH affects approximately 1 in 250–300 people and is the most common inherited metabolic disorder associated with premature cardiovascular disease. Prevalence is…

…rationale Bempedoic acid is an oral, small molecule lipid lowering agent used to reduce low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL C), particularly when statins cannot be…

…combined dyslipidaemia, non HDL C is particularly relevant because it captures triglyceride rich lipoproteins in addition to LDL and other apoB containing particles. Cardiovascular risk…

…C alone. It is particularly informative when triglyceride rich lipoproteins are increased, as commonly occurs with obesity, diabetes, prediabetes, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and hypertriglyceridaemia…

…PCSK9 synthesis decreases circulating PCSK9, increases the availability of hepatic low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL C) receptors at the cell surface, and thereby enhances removal…

…of cholesterol delivered to the liver. The resulting hepatic response includes increased expression of low density lipoprotein receptors (LDLRs), which enhances removal of circulating LDL…

…HMOD) Probable or definite familial hypercholesterolaemia Other markedly abnormal single risk factors or genetic, rare lipid, or BP disorders Pregnancy Established ASCVD includes previous acute…

…Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) migrate from the tunica media into the intima, driven by platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and other cytokines. Within the intima…

…of ischemia (but the sensitivity is low). U wave changes always accompany other ischemic ST T changes. They may occur in both NSTEMI and STEMI…

…Akutsjukvård Lathundar Key messages Two things set the COPD exacerbation apart from many other causes of acute dyspnoea: oxygen must be titrated cautiously and the…